Factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices

Abstract Background The factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices are still poorly explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with different sexual practices. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 453 women, 149 Women with Homosexual practice (WSW); 80 bisexual Women (WSWM) and 224 Women with heterosexual practice (WSM). The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was performed by microscopic examination of the vaginal smears stained by Gram method and classified according to the Nugent et al. (1991) score. Data analysis was performed by Cox multiple regression. Results Bacterial vaginosis was associated to years of education among WSW (0.91 [95% CI 0.82‒0.99]; p= 0.048) and non-white skin color (2.34 [95% CI 1.05‒5.19]; p= 0.037) between WSWM. Changing partners in the last 3-months (2.09 [95% CI 1.14‒3.82]; p= 0.017), inconsistent use of condoms (2.61 [95% CI 1.10‒6.20]; p= 0.030) and positive diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (2.40 [95% CI 1.01‒5.73]; p= 0.048) were associated with bacterial vaginoses only in WSH. Conclusions The factors associated to bacterial vaginosis differ between different sexual practices, suggesting that the type of sexual partner may influence the risk of developing this classic dysbiosis.

Revision sistemática: Orientación sexual homosexual desde una perspectiva generacional / Systematic review: Homosexual sexual orientation from a generational perspective / Revisão sistemática: Orientação sexual homossexual a partir de uma perspectiva geracional

RESUMEN Comprender que una generación humana se ubica en determinada realidad histórica, que representa una época con sus propios sentidos y significados, permite visibilizar que categorias de análisis como la orientación sexual homosexual, son particulares según el momento, lugar y tiempo en el que interactúan las personas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar investigaciones sobre orientación sexual homosexual desde una perspectiva generacional entre los años 2010 a 2020, mediante una revisión sistemática descriptiva de literatura, en: Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ERIC, SciELO y Dialnet. La información recolectada fue analizada a partir de frecuencias correspondientes a bases de datos, idioma, año, continente y país de publicación, y mediante la estrategia metodológica de Mapeamiento Informacional Bibliográfico (MBI), se establecieron categorias de trabajo desde dos miradas: la primera, estudios sobre población con diversidad sexual respecto a ausencia de derechos, construcción de la identidad homosexual, apoyo social, y salud física y mental; y la segunda, estudios con población en general sobre temas relacionados a la homosexualidad a travès de cultura, educación e interacción y actitudes hacia la homosexualidad.

ABSTRACT Understanding that a human generation is located in a certain historical reality that represents a time with its own senses and meanings, allows us to make visible that categories of analysis such as homosexual sexual orientation are particular according to the moment, place and time in which people interact. The objective of the study was to analyze research on homosexual sexual orientation from a generational perspective between the years 20I0 to 2020, through a systematic descriptive review of literature, in: SCOPUS, EBSCO, SCIENCEDIRECT, ERIC, SCIELO and DIALNET The information collected was analyzed from frequencies corresponding to databases, language, year, continent and country of publication, and through the Bibliographic Informational Mapping (MBI) methodological strategy work categories were established from two perspectives: a) first, studies on a population with sexual diversity regarding the absence of rights, construction of homosexual identity, social support, and physical and mental health; and b) second, studies with the general population on issues related to homosexuality through culture, education and interaction and attitudes towards homosexuality.

RESUMO A compreensão de que uma geração humana está localizada em uma determinada realidade histórica, que representa uma época com seus próprios significados e significados, nos permite ver que categorias de análise como a orientação sexual homossexual são particulares de acordo com o tempo, o lugar e o tempo em que as pessoas interagem. O objetivo do estudo era analisar a pesquisa sobre orientação sexual homossexual a partir de uma perspectiva geracional entre 20I0 e 2020, atravès de uma revisão sistemática descritiva da literatura: Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ERIC, SciELO e Dialnet. As informações coletadas foram analisadas a partir de freqüências correspondentes a bancos de dados, idioma, año, continente e país de publicação, e através da estratégia metodológica do Mapeamento de Informações Bibliográficas (IBM), foram estabelecidas categorias de trabalho a partir de duas perspectivas: a primeira, estudos com a população com diversidade sexual a respeito da ausência de direitos, construção da identidade homossexual, apoio social e saúde física e mental; e a segunda, estudos com a população em geral sobre questões relacionadas à homossexualidade através da cultura, educação e interação e atitudes em relação à homossexualidade.

Funcionalidad familiar: hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y sexo solo con mujeres / Family functionality: men who have sex with men and men who only have sex with women / Funcionalidade familiar: homens que fazem sexo com homens e sexo apenas com mulheres

Resumen (analítico) Los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres se caracterizan por recibir expresiones de rechazo y estigmatización, ante el ideal heteronormativo de los hombres que tienen sexo solo con mujeres, circunstancias que propician la aparición de problemas en el grupo familiar. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con el objetivo de comparar la funcionalidad familiar desde la perspectiva de los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres frente a los hombres que tienen sexo solo con mujeres, con un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Los resultados indican mayores porcentajes de disfuncionalidad familiar entre los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, en contraste a la funcionalidad moderada y normo-funcionalidad de los hombres que tienen sexo solo con mujeres, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=.001). Se recomienda generar mayores evidencias al fondo común del conocimiento, a fin de derribar prejuicios, visibilizar la demanda de cuidado y promover la formulación de estrategias en atención a las necesidades de este grupo vulnerable.

Abstract (analytical) Men who have sex with men are characterized by receiving rejection and stigmatization based on the heteronormative ideal of men who only have sex with women. These circumstances can lead to problems in family groups. A quantitative study was carried out with the objective of comparing the family functionality based on the perspectives of men who have sex with men with men who only have sex with women and using non-probability snowball sampling. The results indicate higher percentages of family dysfunction among men who have sex with men, in contrast to the moderate functionality and normo-functionality of men who only have sex with women, and with statistically significant differences (p=.001). It is recommended to generate more knowledge in this area to challenge prejudices, highlights the need for assistance and to promote the design of assistance strategies that meet the needs of this vulnerable group.

Resumo (analítico) Homens que fazem sexo com homens se caracterizam por receber expressões de rejeição e estigmatização, dado o ideal heteronormativo de homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres, circunstâncias que levam ao surgimento de problemas no grupo familiar. Um estudo quantitativo foi realizado, com o objetivo de comparar a funcionalidade familiar na perspectiva de homens que fazem sexo com homens com homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres, amostragem não probabilística por bola de neve. Os resultados indicam percentuais mais elevados de disfunção familiar entre os homens que fazem sexo com homens, em contraste com a funcionalidade moderada e normofuncionalidade dos homens que fazem sexo apenas com mulheres com diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p=.001). Recomendase gerar mais evidências para o fundo comum de conhecimento, a fim de demolir preconceitos, visibilizar a demanda de cuidados e promover a formulação de estratégias para atender às necessidades desse grupo vulnerável.

Sexual orientation and characteristics of sexual behaviors among 200 HIV positive male college students in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand sexual orientation and characteristics of sexual behaviors related with HIV infection among HIV positive male college students in Beijing and to provide suggestions for development of sexual health education and HIV prevention strategy for student population.@*Methods@#HIV positive male college students diagnosed from 2016 to June 30, 2019 in Beijing were recruited. Questionnaire was used to retrospectively investigate sexual orientation and characteristics of sexual behaviors before HIV infection. Behaviors related to HIV infection were compared between absolutely homosexual and others sexual orientation.@*Results@#The average age of male students firstly identified to be HIV positive was (22.18±2.70) years old, 61.5%(123) of them were undergraduate, 69.5%(139) were not registered permanent residency in Beijing, 38.5%(77) of their interviewed sexual partners were from online chat and 83.0%(166) had homosexual behaviors. Sexual orientation score analysis showed that 50.0% of the participants self identified as exclusively homosexual. Compared with other sexual oriental group, exclusively homosexual group had lower mean age of their HIV infection firstly identified（ t =2.77， P =0.01）, higher rate of Rush use, firstly insertive sexual behavior with male, firstly insertive sexual behavior before 18 years old, sexual partners more than three persons, having regular partners, nonpersistent use of condom, being diagnosed of sexual transmitted disease and the frequency of homosexual behaviors more than 1 time per month （ χ 2=5.15,28.06,4.16,5.34,5.89,7.39,6.68, P <0.05）. Rush users had higher rate of STD diagnosis than non users in exclusively homosexual group ( χ 2=6.26， P =0.01).@*Conclusion@#Risky sexual behaviors associated with HIV infection were higher in exclusively homosexual group then other sexual orientation groups among HIV positive male college students. Family and school should concern with sexual health education byreinforcing health education via network media to improve college students’ awarenees on HIV/AIDS.

Escala de Atitudes Negativas sobre Afeminação para Heterossexuais (ANAH): construção e evidências de validade / Negative Attitudes Toward Effeminacy for Heterosexuals Scale (NATEH): construction and evidence of validity / Escala de Actitudes Negativas sobre Afeminación para Heterosexuales (ANAH): construcción y evidencias de validez

O presente estudo objetivou desenvolver, a partir da Escala de Atitudes Negativas sobre Afeminação (ANA), uma escala para mensurar atitudes negativas sobre afeminação destinada a homens heterossexuais e produzir evidências de validade. A escala foi batizada de Escala de Atitudes Negativas sobre Afeminação para Heterossexuais (ANAH). Foram realizados criteriosos processos de adaptação para o público-alvo e realizado um levantamento com 414 homens heterossexuais, maiores de 18 anos com média de idade 26,06 anos (DP = 7,36). A partir de uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória e uma Confirmatória, constatou-se que os itens possuíam cargas fatoriais adequadas, que o fator retido apresentava consistência interna (α= 0,939) e que os índices de ajuste produzidos eram satisfatórios. Os resultados sugerem que a ANAH é adequada para utilização no Brasil.

The present study aimed to develop, based on the Negative Attitudes Toward Effeminacy Scale (NATE), a scale to measure negative attitudes about effeminacy aimed at heterosexual men and produce evidence of validity. The scale was called the Negative Attitudes Toward Effeminacy for Heterosexuals Scale (ANAH). A judicious adaptation process were performed for the target audience and conducted a survey of 414 heterosexual male, older than 18 years with a mean age 26.06 years (SD = 7.36). From an Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was found that the items had adequate factor loads, that the retained factor had internal consistency (αα= 0.939) and that the adjustment indexes produced were satisfactory. The results suggest that ANAH is suitable for use in Brazil.

El presente estudio se objetivó desarrollar, a partir de la Escala de Actitudes Negativas sobre Afeminación (ANA), una escala para medir actitudes negativas sobre afeminación destinada a hombres heterosexuales y producir evidencias de validez. La escala ha sido bautizada de Escala de Actitudes Negativas sobre Afeminación para Heterosexuales (ANAH). Se realizaron procesos precisos de adaptación para el público objetivo y se realizaron una recopilación con 414 hombres heterosexuales, mayores de 18 años con promedio de edad 26,06 años (SD = 7,36). A partir de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Confirmatorio, se constató que los ítems tenían cargas factoriales adecuadas, que el factor retenido presentaba consistencia interna (α= 0,939) y que las tasas de ajuste producidas eran satisfactorias. Los resultados indican que la ANAH es adecuada para utilización en Brasil.

Difference in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual orientation among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual orientation among college students, and to explore possible sex difference.@*Methods@#By using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 4 034 students were selected from 4 college schools. Self-made questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information, CSA experiences and sexual orientation. Logistic regression models were conducted to examine sex differences in the relationship between different types and timing of CSA and sexual orientation.@*Results@#The reporting rates of heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual and asexual orientation of college students were 93.2%, 0.7%, 3.7% and 2.4%, respectively. For males, contact CSA (OR=14.70, 95%CI=5.73-37.72), both contact and noncontact CSA (OR=4.33,95%CI=1.91-9.84) in elementary school or earlier were associated with sexual orientaion. non-contact CSA (OR=4.20, 95%CI=2.21-7.98), both contact and noncontact CSA (OR=3.57, 95%CI=1.65-7.70) in middle school were related to sexual orientation. However, for females, non-contact CSA (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.02-3.13) and both contact and non-contact CSA (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.35-7.23) in elementary school or earlier were associated with sexual orientation.@*Conclusion@#CSA experiences are associated with sexual orientation in sex-specific manner, with significant stronger association among males.

Sexo casual: motivações, atitudes e comportamentos de homens e mulheres heterossexuais adultos / Casual sex: motivations, attitudes and behaviors of heterosexual men and women / Sexo casual: motivaciones, actitudes y comportamientos de hombres y mujeres heterosexuales adultos

Resumo Este estudo quantitativo visou elucidar o que homens e mulheres heterossexuais entendem por sexo sem compromisso/sexo casual. Consideraram-se motivações, atitudes e comportamentos associados a essa prática como categorias de análises representativas do fenômeno. Utilizou-se questionário de autopreenchimento, distribuído e aplicado via internet. Participaram 74 mulheres e 61 homens, entre 30 e 50 anos, escolaridade média ou superior e classe social média. Os resultados sugerem que, no sexo casual, homens e mulheres possuem em comum o desejo por encontro e prazer, confirmando que a sexualidade se imprimiu de novas modulações de subjetivação do corpo e de relacionamentos interpessoais, particularmente para a mulher. Entretanto, essas identidades e inserções sociais e afetivas subjetivam-se na forma de um duplo padrão sexual que denota de modo ainda tradicional os papéis atribuídos a cada gênero. Diferem algumas expectativas de vinculação posterior e as mulheres consideram-se prejulgadas pela sociedade quando praticam sexo casual. Os homens tendem a buscar mais esse tipo de relacionamento, ao passo que as mulheres mostram maior liberdade na expressão de intimidade. (AU)

Abstract A quantitative research was conducted to verify what heterosexual men and women understand as sex without commitment/casual sex. Motivations, attitudes and behaviors associated with this practice were considered categories of analysis representative of the phenomenon. The instrument employed was a self-completion internet questionnaire. Participants were middle class women (74) and men (61) aged between 30 and 50 years old who completed at least high school. The results suggest that in casual sex, men and women share a desire for encounter and pleasure, confirming that sexuality has been influenced by new modulations of body subjectivation and interpersonal relationships, particularly for women. However, these social and affective identities and insertions are subjectivized through a double sexual pattern that still displays traditionally the roles assigned to each gender. Some expectations of future attachment differ, and women consider themselves subjected to society prejudices when they engage in casual sex. Men tend to pursue this kind of relationship more than women, while women show greater freedom expressing intimacy. (AU)

Resumen Esta investigación cuantitativa tuvo por objetivo elucidar lo que hombres y mujeres heterosexuales entienden como sexo sin compromiso/sexo casual. Se consideran las motivaciones, actitudes y comportamientos asociadas a esta práctica como categorías de análisis representativos del fenómeno. Se utilizó una encuesta de autorrelleno, distribuida y aplicada por internet. Contestaron a la encuesta 74 mujeres y 61 hombres, entre 30 y 50 años de edad, nivel de estudios secundaria o superior y clase social mediana. Los resultados sugieren que, en el sexo casual, hombres y mujeres poseen en común el deseo de encuentro y placer, confirmando que la sexualidad se imprimió de nuevas modulaciones de la subjetivación del cuerpo y de relacionamientos interpersonales, particularmente para la mujer. Todavía, esas identidades e inserciones sociales y afectivas se subjetivan en forma de un doble estándar sexual que denota de modo todavía tradicional los papeles atribuidos a cada género. Algunas expectativas sobre la vinculación posterior difieren, y las mujeres se consideran prejuzgadas por la sociedad cuando practican el sexo casual. Los hombres tienden a buscar más ese tipo de relacionamiento, mientras las mujeres muestran mayor libertad en la expresión de intimidad. (AU)

Relationship between campus violence and sexual orientation of middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate relationship between campus violence and sexual orientation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for intervention of campus violence.@*Methods@#A total of 3 738 middle school students selected by using stratified cluster sampling method were asked to attend a questionnaire survey.@*Results@#About 49.9% middle school students were campus violence victims. There were significant differences between different school, gender, education level of parents, academic achievement, sexual orientation students’ rate of suffering from campus violence(χ2=18.66, 88.35, 7.71, 8.26, 10.07, 15.23, P<0.01), junior students’(53.4%) was higher than senior students’(46.3%), boys’(58.1%) were higher than girls’(42.7%), students’ whose parents’ education level greater than equal or undergraduate degree(54.0%, 54.6%) was higher than those whose parents’ education level below undergraduate degree(48.6%, 48.7%), students whose study achievement below average (54.5%) was higher than those whose achievement greater than or equal to average(48.9%, 47.9%), homosexual and bisexuals’(both 58.7%) were higher than those with uncertain sexual orientation and heterosexuality(51.6%, 48.1%). Homosexual (OR=1.51) and bisexual (OR=1.68) were risk factors for suffering from campus violence of middle school students.@*Conclusion@#Middle schools should strengthen the prevention and intervention of campus violence; Students should be provided with proper information regarding homosexual and bisexual, and to reduce and avoid violence against them.

Heterosexual romantic expectation of early adolescents and its influencing factors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the heterosexual romantic expectation in early adolescence(10-14 years)and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for instructing children of early puberty to establish a positive interpersonal relationship(including heterosexual relationship) and improving their healthy development.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit students of grade 6-8 in three middle schools of Shanghai during November to December, 2017. Students were surveyed anonymously using Computer Assisted Self-Interview approach via the tablets. The collected data included the information on demographic, families, peers, use of the media, community cohesion and heterosexual romantic expectation. The ttest, Chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationships between potential factors and heterosexual romantic expectation.@*Results@#The mean score of heterosexual romantic expectation was 2.55. Score of the boys was higher than that of girls (2.62 vs. 2.47, t=2.65, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of the ages before 12 years old (10-11: 2.34, 12: 2.28), but a significant increase of the scores along the age after 12 years old(13: 2.69, 14: 3.05). Multiple linear regression suggested that respondents with older age, poorer caregiver-child relationship, higher proportion of friends of the opposite sex, more friends that thought having boyfriends/girlfriends was important, more TV/movie use and lower community cohesion had higher score of heterosexual romantic expectation of early adolescents(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The early adolescents had relative conservative views on the heterosexual romantic relationships of adolescents of their own age while the boys were more permissive than girls. The heterosexual romantic expectation improved significantly after 12 years and may be influenced by factors of family, peers, media and community.

Imaginarios sexuales y des/atención médica: La ginecología como dispositivo de hetero-cis-normalización / Imaginários sexuais e des/atenção médica: a ginecologia como dispositivo de hetero-cis-normalização / Sexual Imaginaries and Medical In/Attention: Gynecology as Device for Hetero-Cis-Normalization

Resumen El presente artículo se propone, siguiendo el método genealógico foucaultiano, analizar la eficacia productiva y la violencia normativa que constituye a la ginecología en una tecnología de hetero-cis-normalización que produce una distribución diferencial de la precaridad, afectando principalmente a corporalidades y modos de vida lesbianos (cis y trans), transmasculinos, no-binarixs, bi y pansexuales. Para desarrollar estas tesis recuperaré, en primer lugar, los desarrollos butlerianos en torno a la heterosexualidad obligatoria, las normas sexo-generizadas y la vulnerabilidad, para pensar, desde allí, a la ginecología como una técnica de precarización. En segundo lugar, y recuperando las tesis de Rohden, Cabral y Preciado, desarrollaré el modo en que la ginecología opera como una "prótesis de género" que organiza y disciplina cuerpos a partir de un sistema binario. Para concluir, sostendré siguiendo a Foucault que esto implica una especie de extraña "paradoja" para la ginecología, en la medida en que la imposición de su matriz hetero-cis-normativa redunda en una inducida, y sistemática, desatención y descuido de la salud ginecológica de las personas LGTB.

Resumo A partir do método genealógico foucaultiano, o presente artigo tem o intuito de analisar a eficácia produtiva e a violência normativa que configura a ginecologia como tecnologia de hetero-cis-normalização, produzindo uma distribuição diferencial da precariedade que afeta, principalmente as corporeidades e modos de vida lésbicos (cis e trans), transmasculinos, não-binarixs, bi e pansexuais. Para tal trarei à tona, em primeiro lugar, as análises butlerianas em torno da heterossexualidade compulsória, as normas sexo-generificadas e a vulnerabilidade para pensar a ginecologia como técnica de precarização. Em segundo lugar, e recuperando os supostos de Rhoden, Cabral e Preciado, desenvolverei os modos em que a ginecologia opera como uma "prótese de gênero" que organiza e disciplina corpos a partir de um sistema binário. Para concluir, e seguindo a Foucault, sustentarei a ideia que isso supõe uma espécie de estranho "paradoxo" para a ginecologia; uma desatenção induzida e sistemática e um desleixo da saúde ginecológica das pessoas LGTB.

Abstract This paper seeks to examine the productive effectiveness and normative violence of Gynecology, following Foucault's genealogical method, in terms of a technology of heterocis-normalization that induces a differential distribution of precarity, affecting mainly lesbian (cis or trans), transmasculine, bi, non-binary and pansexual bodies and forms of life. In order to develop this analysis, I will first consider Butler´s developments on compulsive heterosexuality, sex and gender norms and vulnerability as a way of thinking Gynecology as a technic of precarity. Secondly, and following Rohden´s, Cabral´s and Preciado´s thoughts, I will argue that Gynecology operates as a "gender prosthesis" that organizes and discipline bodies through a binary system. Finally, and following Foucault, I will conclude that this implies a paradoxical situation for Gynecology, since its heteronormative matrix produces and induces a systematical inattention and carelessness of LGTB people.

Socio-demographic profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients on second line antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary care centre of North-East India

Background: HIV/ AIDS is one of the major global health issue, resulting an epidemic. Understanding the socio-demographic profile with magnitude of risky behavior might include positive messages in the routine HIV/AIDS care and treatment. Objective of this study was to find out the socio-demographic, behavioural characteristics among patients receiving second line ART (Anti-Retroviral therapy) in a tertiary centre of North-East India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 90 PLWHA patients receiving second line ART in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from March 2016 to August 2017. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information.Results: Majority participants (43.3%) belonged to 30-40 years age group, mean age 39.96±8.021 years; 51.1% were female. Majority (58.9%) got infected with HIV through heterosexual route followed by IV drug use (31.1%). Nearly half (51.1%) were diagnosed with HIV for 11-15 years duration and majority (61.1%) were under 2nd line ART for 6-10 years duration. Here, 3.3% subjects had Hepatitis B and 7.8% were infected with hepatitis C.Conclusions: Young population were most affected group and heterosexual route being the commonest mode of transmission. Combination of socio-demographic, behavioural risk factor and unawareness are responsible for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. So, people need to be educated for primary and secondary prevention.

Prelúdio de uma ética do feminino / Prelude to an ethics of the feminine / Preludio de una ética de lo femenino / Prélude d'une éthique du féminin

Neste texto, a autora reconhece, na atualidade, uma mutação antropológica que faz das mulheres uma força emergente, e procura responder se a psicanálise pode e deve se fazer ouvir nessa nova fase do mal-estar na civilização. Considerando que o feminino tem sido rejeitado na esfera de interesse da ética, a autora observa que a psicanálise rompe com essa exclusão. A partir da ideia de Simone de Beauvoir de que "não se nasce mulher, torna-se mulher", e por meio da escuta clínica, são apresentadas algumas etapas do porvir do feminino.

In this article the author acknowledges, at present times, an anthropological mutation that makes women an emerging force. She aims at answering if psychoanalysis can and must be heard in this phase of civilization, when much social unrest is present. Considering the feminine has been rejected under the ethics perspective, the author acknowledges that psychoanalysis breaks this exclusion. From Simone de Beauvoir's concept that "one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman", and through clinical listening, the author presents some phases on the future of the feminine.

En este texto, la autora reconoce, en la actualidad, una mutación antropológica que hace de las mujeres una fuerza emergente, y busca responder si el psicoanálisis puede y debe hacerse escuchar en esta nueva fase de malestar de la civilización. Considerando que lo femenino ha sido rechazado en la esfera de interés de la ética, la autora reconoce que el psicoanálisis rompe con esa exclusión. A partir dela idea de Simone de Beauvoir de que "no se nace mujer: se convierte en mujer", y, mediante la escucha clínica, la autora presenta algunas etapas del porvenir de lo femenino.

Dans ce texte l'auteure reconnaît, dans l'actualité, une mutation anthropologique qui rend les femmes une force émergente, et cherche à répondre si la psychanalyse peut et doit se faire entendre dans cette nouvelle phase du malaise de la civilisation. Tout en considérant que le féminin est constamment rejeté dans le cadre de l'intérêt de l'éthique, l'auteure reconnaît que la psychanalyse rompt avec cette exclusion. En s'appuyant sur Simone de Beauvoir qui affirme : "on ne naît pas femme, on le devient", et sur l'écoute clinique, l'auteure présente quelques étapes de l'avenir du féminin.

Hombres heterosexualmente activos, masculinidades, prevención de infección por VIH y búsqueda de profilaxis posexposición sexual consentida / Heterosexually active men, masculinities, HIV prevention, and the search for post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure

RESUMEN La masculinidad hegemónica distancia a los hombres heterosexuales activos de las respuestas a la epidemia de sida. Sin embargo, con el paradigma de la prevención combinada, la profilaxis posexposición sexual hace posible nuevas formas de gestionar los riesgos de infección, al tiempo que trae nuevos desafíos. El objetivo de este artículo es, a la luz de la perspectiva de género y de las masculinidades, discutir cómo los hombres heterosexuales activos perciben su riesgo frente al VIH, cómo manejan los métodos y estrategias de prevención, incluyendo la profilaxis posexposición sexual. El estudio de abordaje cualitativo entrevistó 16 hombres heterosexuales activos en cinco servicios de salud de diferentes ciudades brasileñas. El análisis señala que el uso del condón, principal método de prevención, fue condicionado a factores subjetivos y contextuales; y su fallo se destaca como el principal motivo de búsqueda de la profilaxis posexposición sexual. Los ideales de masculinidad hegemónica penetraron los discursos de percepción y gestión de riesgo en el actual contexto de la epidemia de sida.

ABSTRACT Hegemonic masculinity has distanced heterosexually active men from the responses to the HIV epidemic. However, with the combined prevention paradigm, post-exposure prophylaxis offers new ways to manage the risks of HIV infection, while at the same time bringing about new challenges. The aim of this paper is to discuss - through the lens of gender and masculinities - how heterosexually active men perceive their HIV risk and how they manage prevention methods and strategies, including post-exposure prophylaxis. Employing qualitative methods, 16 heterosexually active men in five health services from different Brazilian cities were interviewed. The analysis indicates that condom use - the main prevention method - was conditioned by subjective and contextual factors, and its failure stands out as the primary reason for seeking out post-exposure prophylaxis. We argue that ideals of hegemonic masculinity permeate perceptions and risk management discourses in the current context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Characteristics of non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission of HIV infection in Miao-Dong Autonomous prefecture of Qiandongnan / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#The goal of this research was to understand the demographic distribution and related factors of non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission (non-commercial transmission) for HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).@*Methods@#Data related to HIV/AIDS infected by non-marital heterosexual transmission and whose present address was in Qian Dongnan, were collected from Information System on the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control. Information included demographic characteristics, the members of non-marital sex partners, transmission path, detection source, CD4+T lymphocyte level, et al. cases belong to homosexual history, injective drug use or non-classified non-marital heterosexuality transmission were excluded, totally collect HIV/AIDS 919 cases. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze potential factors associated with non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission. In addition, in March and June 2017, using a convenience sampling, we conducted one-to-one interviews among 10 HIV/AIDS who were infected by non-marital heterosexuality and had non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual experience in Kaili Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The content of the interview included basic information, sexual orientation, the main place of making friends and sexual behavior, attitude to commercial heterosexuality and non-martial and non-commercial heterosexuality and so on.@*Results@#Out of the 919 cases, 645 (70.2%) were male, the proportion of non-commercial transmission was 55.06% (506). The proportion of female HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 84.7% (232), which was higher than male (42.5%(274)) (χ2=138.35, P<0.001). The proportion of Han HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission was 61.5% (275), which was higher than other religion (52.2%(412)) (χ2=6.32, P=0.012). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who had 0-5 non-marital sexual partners was 58.8% (498), which was higher than who had>5 non-marital sexual partners (11.1%(8)) (χ2=61.10, P<0.001). The proportion of HIV/AIDS with non-commercial transmission who lived mobile was 72.9% (94), which was higher than who lived fixedly (52.2%(412)) (χ2=19.34, P<0.001). Qualitative interviews results revealed that the age of the respondents were 22-69. Respondents whose ages are in 22-34 were more likely to use mobile phone (4/10) and respondents whose ages are in 35-69 were less likely to look partners through party and the context of working.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of cases being infected by non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission in Qian dongnan was higher than general national levels. The characteristics of sex, marriage status, migration, vocation, the members of non-marital sex partners were significant differed between commercial heterosexual transmission and non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual transmission.

Parentalidade em casais homossexuais: uma revisão sistemática / A systematic review of same-sex parenthood

A pesquisa visa compreender como a parentalidade em casais homossexuais é investigada na literatura científica através de uma revisão sistemática. Para tanto, foram selecionados 17 artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2014, nas bases de dados SciELO, PePSIC e Academic Search Premier, em inglês, espanhol, português e francês, com os descritores homosexual parent OR same-sex parente OR homoparental. Resultados indicam que as pesquisas tentam responder como é a parentalidade em casais que diferem da norma a partir do viés heteronormativo. Sendo assim, a edificação da homossexualidade como patologia em décadas anteriores e a permanência desta visão dificultam a revisão de tais conceitos a nível social. Por isto a importância de estudos que gerem uma nova compreensão sob esta população.

This paper aims to understand how parenting in same-sex couples is being investigated in scientific literature through a systematic review. Therefore, we selected 17 articles published between 2004 and 2014 in SciELO, Academic Search Premier PePSIC databases in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French, using homosexual parent OR same-sex parent OR homoparentalas descriptors. Results indicate that the researches tries to answer how is parenting for same-sex couples from the heteronormative bias. Thus, the construction of homosexuality as pathology in previous decades and the permanence of this view hinder the review of such concepts at social level. Therefore the importance of studies that generate a new understanding of this population.

Eu, tu, ele(s), ela(s): cartografando heteroconjugalidades na prática do swing / I, you, he, she, they: drawing a cartography about straight/conjugalities in practice of swing

As experimentações da sexualidade produzidas nas heteroconjugalidades contemporâneas têm vivido transições nos seus suportes afetivo-relacionais, maior flexibilização em suas hierarquias de gênero e enriquecimento das suas possibilidades institucionais. Problematizaremos a prática do swing como uma das linhas de tensionamento produzidas nesta agonística cultural, tomando como objeto de estudo hetero/casais em cenas eróticas 'dissidentes'. Nesta cena da pesquisa nos valemos de conversações entre interlocutoras/res swingers cearenses e uma das pesquisadoras. Os princípios do método do nosso estudo se (des)acomodam em perspectivas feministas e desde os estudos queer, assumindo um modo de análise em posição discursivo-desconstrucionista, a partir dos pressupostos foucaultianos da análise do discurso. Esta cartografia íntima nos permitiu acompanhar algo dos/nos trânsitos das relações hetero/conjugais contemporâneas e suas (dissidentes) performances de gênero e experimentações das sexualidades. De modo que assumimos, pelo instante, a ideia do swing como prática de subjetivação e modo de experimentação da heteroconjugalidade

The experimentations of sexuality produced in contemporary straight/conjugalities have experienced transitions in the affective-relational bases, greater flexibilization in their gender hierarchies and enrichment of their institutional possibilities. We will problematize the practice of swing as one of the tensioning lines produced in this cultural agonistic, taking as object of study straight/couples in 'dissent' erotic scenes. At this scene of the research we make use of conversations between interlocutor swingers of Ceará and one of the researchers. The principles of the method of the study (dis)lodge in feminist perspectives and from queer studies, assuming a mode of analysis in discursive deconstructionist position, from the Foucaultian assumptions of the analysis discourse. This intimate cartography allowed us to accompany something of/on transits of contemporary hetero/conjugal relationships and their (dissent) performances of gender and sexualities experimentations. In a way that we assume, for now, the idea of swing as practice of subjectivation and method of heteroconjugality experimentation

The invisibility of heterosexuality in HIV/AIDS prevention for men / A invisibilidade da heterossexualidade na prevenção do HIV/Aids entre homens

ABSTRACT Heterosexual men have been a forgotten group for HIV/AIDS interventions and research. Our goal was to identify the different elements that interfere in the prevention of HIV/AIDS among heterosexual men, covering both traditional methods of prevention (especially safe sex practices and testing) and new strategies for prevention (pre- and post-sexual exposure prophylaxis, prevention treatment, and circumcision) in this population. This exploratory article consists of a nonsystematic review of the literature. We discuss the invisibility of heterosexual men in policies, in programs, and in health services. The several interventions analyzed are still poorly monitored and evaluated, so there is a lack of consistent evidence regarding the impact of prevention strategies in this population. Different masculinities, including hegemonic conceptions of masculinity, must be the foundation for interventions targeting men. Men must not be seen merely as a "bridge" in the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, but also as victims of gender patterns that make them vulnerable.

RESUMO Os homens heterossexuais têm sido um grupo esquecido nas intervenções e pesquisas sobre HIV/ Aids. Nosso objetivo foi identificar os diferentes elementos que interferem na prevenção do HIV/Aids entre homens heterossexuais, contemplando tanto os métodos de prevenção tradicionais (especialmente as práticas de sexo seguro e o teste anti-HIV), como elementos para pensar o uso das novas estratégias de prevenção (profilaxia pré e pós-exposição sexual, tratamento para prevenção e circuncisão) nessa população. O artigo apresenta uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Pontuamos a invisibilidade dos homens heterossexuais, tanto na esfera de políticas e programas quanto nos serviços de saúde. As diferentes intervenções analisadas ainda são pouco monitoradas e avaliadas, de modo que há uma carência de evidências consistentes para pensarmos sobre o impacto das estratégias de prevenção nessa população. As diferentes masculinidades, incluindo suas concepções hegemônicas, devem embasar intervenções para homens, que não são apenas uma "ponte" para a disseminação da epidemia, mas também vítimas desta e dos padrões de gênero.

Límites, excedentes y placeres: prácticas y discursos en torno al trabajo sexual en una zona rural de México / Limits, excesses and pleasures: practices and discourses on sexual work in a Mexican rural community / Limites, excessos e prazeres: práticas e discursos em torno do trabalho sexual em uma zona rural do México

En una pequena ciudad de la costa mexicana del Pacífico se encuentra una zona de tolerancia donde un grupo de trabajadoras sexuales, separadas del resto de la ciudad por contenedores de basura, ofrece sus servicios a los hombres de la localidad. Las mujeres se presentan, material y simbólicamente, como agentes regulatorias de una sexualidad masculina que se construye desbordante e insaciable y que, de no ser por ellas, amenazaría el orden social fundado en la familia. A partir de entrevistas realizadas con trabajadoras y con autoridades municipales, en este artículo se analizan las maneras en que un sistema de sexo-género produce localmente una serie de limites cuyos ejes son, al tiempo, geográficos y subjetivos: la periferia y el control, cuerpo e intimidad, y la frontera de la animalidad.

In a small city in the Pacific coast of Mexico there is a red-light district where a group of sex workers, separated from the rest of the town by trash containers, offer their services to local men. The women present themselves both materially and symbolically as regulatory agents of a male sexuality understood as overflowing and insatiable and which, were it not for them, would threaten a social order founded in the family. Drawing from interviews with sex workers and municipal authorities, this article discusses the ways in which a sexgender system produces local borders which are both geographical and subjective: periphery and control, body and intimacy, and the boundaries of humanity and heterosexuality.

Em uma pequena cidade da costa mexicana do Pacífico se encontra uma zona de tolerância onde um grupo de trabalhadoras sexuais, separadas do resto da cidade por contêineres de lixo, oferece seus serviços aos homens da localidade. As mulheres se apresentam material e simbolicamente como agentes reguladoras de uma sexualidade masculina que se constrói de forma transbordante e insaciável e que, se não fosse por elas, ameaçaria a ordem social baseada na família. A partir de entrevistas realizadas com trabalhadoras e com autoridades municipais, neste artigo se analisam as maneiras com que um sistema de sexo-gênero produz localmente uma série de limites cujos eixos são, ao mesmo tempo, geográficos e subjetivos: a periferia e o controle, corpo e intimidade e a fronteira da animalidade.

Relação entre infidelidade e infecção ao hiv/aids na visão de homens heterossexuais / Relación entre infidelidad y la infección por el vih/sida en la visión de hombres heterosexuales / Infidelity relationship between hiv/aids infection on the vision of heterosexual men

Considerando a infidelidade dos homens com relacionamento estável, um comportamento propício à infecção pelo HIV/AIDS, o estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre o comportamento infiel desses homens e o risco de infecção pelo HIV/AIDS. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo usando etnoenfermagem nas fases: observação primária e a escuta, observação com participação limitada, participação primária e reflexão primária com reconfirmação dos dados. Os pacientes eram homens heterossexuais que estavam sendo tratados para a AIDS em hospital de referência do Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores motivadores da infidelidade eram o confito civil, a atividade de trabalho, a tentação pelo novo e o senso de controle/poder. Conclui-se que a enfermagem pode atuar em conjunto com a população masculina no despertar da consciência do panorama do HIV/AIDS, ajudando na desconstrução de valores enraizados na sociedade, levando os homens a refetir sobre comportamentos que promovem a prevenção desse vírus.

ABSTRACT Considering the infidelity of men with stable relationships, a conducive behavior to infection with HIV/ AIDS, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between the unfaithful behavior of these men in a stable relationship and the risk of HIV / AIDS. Qualitative study using ethno nursing in the phases: Primary observation and listening; observation with limited participation, primary participation and primary reflection with reconfirmation of the data, was performed. Subjects were heterosexual men who were being treated for AIDS in a reference hospital of Brazil. The results showed that the motivating factors of infidelity were marital conflict, work activity, and temptation by the new and sense of control / power. The conclusion is that nursing can act together with the male population in the awakening of HIV / AIDS consciousness panorama, helping in the deconstruction of values rooted in society, leading men to reflect on behaviors that promote the prevention of viruses.

Considerando la infidelidad de hombres con relación de pareja estable como favorable a la infección por VIH/ SIDA, el objetivo fue investigar la relación entre el comportamiento infiel de hombres en relación estable y el riesgo de infección por el VIH/SIDA. Estudio cualitativo utilizando la etno-enfermería en las fases: observación primaria y escucha; observación con participación limitada; participación primaria con observación continua y reflexión con reconfirmación de los datos. Los sujetos fueron hombres heterosexuales que estuviesen en tratamiento del SIDA en un hospital de Brasil. Los resultados demostraron que los factores motivadores de la infidelidad fueron conflicto conyugal, actividad laboral, tentación por lo nuevo y sensación de control/poder. Se concluye que la enfermería podrá actuar junto a la población masculina en el despertar de la conciencia del panorama del VIH/SIDA, en auxilio a la desconstrucción de valores en la sociedad, llevando a los hombres a reflexionar sobre comportamientos que favorezcan a la prevención.

A perversão e a teoria queer / Perversion and queer theory

O presente texto parte da constatação do contraste entre a alta incidência do termo perversão na doutrina psicanalítica e sua baixa frequência nos relatos clínicos. Objetiva discutir a hipótese de que a política feminista denominada teoria queer é uma forma contemporânea de laço social que se sustenta no mecanismo perverso da Verleugnung e que almeja construir um novo saber sobre o sexo. A primeira parte do texto desenvolve a teoria psicanalítica da perversão, percorrendo textos de Freud e de Lacan. A segunda parte esclarece alguns dos principais argumentos da teoria queer, em particular, a hegemonia epistemológica da heterossexualidade compulsória e a multiplicidade sexual primária. Os parágrafos finais do texto elaboram uma crítica psicanalítica da teoria queer.

This text verifies initially the contrast between the large incidence of the word perversion in the psychoanalytical theory and its small frequency in clinical reports. It intends to discuss the hypothesis that the feminist politics called “queer theory” is a contemporary form of the social link based on the perverse mechanism of the Verleugnung and that it wishes to construct a new knowledge about sex. The first section of the text develops the psychoanalytical theory of perversion, consulting Freud and Lacan’s texts. The second section explains some of the most important arguments of the queer theory, particularly, the theoretical dominance of the compulsory heterosexuality and the primary sexual multipicity. The final paragraphs produce a queer theory’s psychoanalytical review.